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Chapter 3 111
Basic Digital Operation
Using Waveform Clipping
Figure 3-12 Peak-to-Average Power
Spectral regrowth is a range of frequencies that develops on each side of the carrier (similar to
sidebands) and extends into the adjacent frequency bands (see Figure 3- 13). Consequently, spectral
regrowth interferes with communication in the adjacent bands. Clipping can provide a solution to this
problem.
Figure 3-13 Spectral Regrowth Interfering with Adjacent Band
How Clipping Reduces Peak-to-Average Power
You can reduce peak- to- average power, and consequently spectral regrowth, by clipping the waveform
to a selected percentage of its peak power. The PSG vector signal generator provides two different
methods of clipping: circular and rectangular.
During circular clipping, clipping is applied to the combined I and Q waveform (|I + jQ|). Notice in
Figure 3-14 that the clipping level is constant for all phases of the vector representation and appears
as a circle. During rectangular clipping, clipping is applied to the I and Q waveforms separately (|I|,
|Q|). Notice in Figure 3- 15 on page 113 that the clipping level is different for I and Q; therefore, it
- User’s Guide 1
- Contents 10
- Documentation Overview 13
- 1 Signal Generator Overview 15
- 2 Chapter 1 16
- Signal Generator Overview 16
- Chapter 1 3 17
- Firmware Upgrades 18
- Modes of Operation 19
- Digital Modulation 20
- Front Panel 21
- 8. Trigger 23
- 9. MENUS 23
- 10. Help 23
- 11. EXT 1 INPUT 23
- Chapter 1 11 25
- 12 Chapter 1 26
- 34. DATA CLOCK 27
- 35. DATA 27
- 36. Q Input 27
- 37. I Input 27
- Front Panel Display 28
- 1. Active Entry Area 29
- 2. Frequency Area 29
- 3. Annunciators 29
- 5. Amplitude Area 31
- 6. Error Message Area 31
- 7. Text Area 31
- 8. Softkey Label Area 31
- Rear Panel 32
- Chapter 1 19 33
- 20 Chapter 1 34
- Chapter 1 21 35
- 1. EVENT 1 36
- 2. EVENT 2 36
- 3. PATTERN TRIG IN 36
- 4. BURST GATE IN 36
- 5. AUXILIARY I/O 37
- 6. DIGITAL BUS 38
- 7. Q OUT 38
- 8. I OUT 38
- 9. WIDEBAND I INPUTS 38
- 10. I-bar OUT 39
- 11. WIDEBAND Q INPUTS 39
- 12. COH CARRIER 39
- 14. Q-bar OUT 40
- 15. AC Power Receptacle 40
- 16. GPIB 40
- 17. 10 MHz EFC 40
- 19. AUXILIARY INTERFACE 41
- 20. 10 MHz IN 41
- 22. 10 MHz OUT 42
- 23. STOP SWEEP IN/OUT 42
- 24. BASEBAND GEN CLK IN 42
- 25. Z-AXIS BLANK/MKRS 42
- 26. SWEEP OUT 42
- Chapter 1 29 43
- 30 Chapter 1 44
- 39. I IN 45
- 40. SYMBOL SYNC 45
- 41. Q IN 45
- 42. DATA 45
- 43. LF OUT 46
- 2 Basic Operation 47
- Using Table Editors 48
- Table Ed it or So ftke y s 49
- Configuring the RF Output 50
- OFFS indicator 51
- Configuring a Swept RF Output 52
- Chapter 2 43 57
- Basic Operation 57
- Trigger hardkey 57
- Sweep Repeat Single Cont 57
- 46 Chapter 2 60
- Markers 60
- Chapter 2 47 61
- Chapter 2 51 65
- 52 Chapter 2 66
- Modulating a Signal 67
- Using Data Storage Functions 69
- Using Security Functions 73
- 60 Chapter 2 74
- Chapter 2 61 75
- 62 Chapter 2 76
- Table 2-4 Hard Disk Memory 76
- Chapter 2 65 79
- Enabling Options 80
- Using the Web Server 81
- Activating the Web Server 82
- Chapter 2 69 83
- 70 Chapter 2 84
- 3 Basic Digital Operation 85
- 74 Chapter 3 88
- Chapter 3 77 91
- Dual ARB Player softkey 91
- Note: When the dual ARB 94
- Accessing the Dual ARB Player 97
- Creating Waveform Segments 98
- Playing a Waveform 100
- Editing a Waveform Sequence 100
- Using Waveform Markers 102
- Waveform Marker Concepts 103
- Accessing Marker Utilities 106
- Viewing a Marker Pulse 113
- Triggering Waveforms 116
- Mode and Response 117
- Accessing Trigger Utilities 118
- Using Gated Triggering 119
- Using Waveform Clipping 122
- Chapter 3 109 123
- Basic Digital Operation 123
- 110 Chapter 3 124
- Chapter 3 111 125
- 112 Chapter 3 126
- Chapter 3 113 127
- Configuring Circular Clipping 128
- Using Waveform Scaling 130
- Chapter 3 117 131
- 4 Optimizing Performance 133
- Using External Leveling 134
- 122 Chapter 4 136
- Optimizing Performance 136
- Chapter 4 123 137
- 124 Chapter 4 138
- Chapter 4 129 143
- 130 Chapter 4 144
- Chapter 4 131 145
- Internal Timebase: 125 Hz 149
- External Timebase: 25 Hz 149
- 136 Chapter 4 150
- 5 Analog Modulation 151
- Configuring AM (Option UNT) 152
- Configuring FM (Option UNT) 152
- Configuring ΦM (Option UNT) 153
- To Activate ΦM 154
- To Activate Pulse Modulation 154
- Custom Arb Waveform Generator 157
- Working with Filters 160
- Using a Predefined FIR Filter 161
- Chpater 6 151 165
- Mirror Table 165
- Working with Symbol Rates 167
- 154 Chpater 6 168
- Working with Modulation Types 169
- Symbol Data I Value Q Value 172
- 0 0000 0.500000 1.000000 172
- 1 0001 −0.500000 1.000000 172
- 2 0010 0.500000 −1.000000 172
- 3 0011 −0.500000 −1.000000 172
- Configuring Hardware 176
- To Set the ARB Reference 177
- 164 Chpater 6 178
- Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband 179
- Working with Data Patterns 180
- Working with Burst Shapes 185
- To Adjust the I/Q Scaling 190
- Working with Phase Polarity 191
- Chapter 7 179 193
- Using Differential Encoding 195
- 1. The symbol rotates 197
- 184 Chapter 7 198
- Multitone Waveform Generator 199
- To View a Multitone Waveform 201
- 194 Chapter 8 208
- 9 Two-Tone Waveform Generator 209
- 196 Chapter 9 210
- Tw o To n e O f f O n to On 210
- Chapter 9 197 211
- 10 AWGN Waveform Generator 215
- Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN 216
- 11 Peripheral Devices 217
- LVDS 100 MHz 400 MHz 219
- 208 Chapter 11 222
- Peripheral Devices 222
- Internally Generated Clock 223
- Device (DUT) Supplied Clock 223
- 210 Chapter 11 224
- 1 Clock Per Sample 225
- 4 Clocks Per Sample 226
- 2 Clocks Per Sample 226
- 1 Sample Period 227
- 256 Clock Rate× 229
- Data Types 232
- 220 Chapter 11 234
- Logic Type softkey 234
- 222 Chapter 11 236
- Scaling softkey 238
- Chapter 11 225 239
- Chapter 11 231 245
- 232 Chapter 11 246
- Clock Source softkey 246
- Accesses the data setup menu 248
- Chapter 11 237 251
- 238 Chapter 11 252
- Chapter 11 239 253
- Using Other Source Modules 254
- Chapter 11 241 255
- 12 Troubleshooting 257
- RF Output Power too Low 258
- SIGNAL GENERATOR 259
- OUTPUT CONTROL 259
- Sweep Problems 262
- Data Storage Problems 263
- Cannot Turn Off Help Mode 264
- Signal Generator Locks Up 264
- Error Messages 265
- Error Message File 266
- Error Message Format 266
- Error Message Types 266
- Chapter 12 253 267
- Troubleshooting 267
- 254 Chapter 12 268
- 37, 38, 139 275
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